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Methods of Conserving Archaeological Material from Underwater Sites
Originally developed as a lab manual to accompany the class, Conservation of Cultural Resources, at Texas A&M University. Content empahsizes conservation of materials from underwater marine sites.
Copyright 2000 by Donny L. Hamilton, Conservation Research Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Is the Past in Your Future?
The Society for Historical Archaeology

The Port Royal Project
About the underwater archaeological investigations conducted by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, in cooperation with the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University and the Jamaica National Heritage Trust, since 1981.
Donny L. Hamilton, Nautical Archaeology Program, Texas A&M University.

'Diving into History' the Science of Nautical Archaeology
About nautical archaeology.
ThinkQuest

An Introduction to Marine Archaeology
More about underwater archaeology.
By Colin Martin, BBC

The Underwater Archaeological Preserves
Information about shallow water interpretative parks that you can dive yourself.
The Office of Cultural and Historical Programs, State of Florida

An Introduction to Marine Archaeology
More about underwater archaeology.
By Colin Martin, BBC

Archaeology
Basic information about archaeology and several good examples. Can you identify challenges that are common to both land-based and underwater archaeology?
BBC

Shipwreck!
More about wreck formation, surveying, measuring and excavation.
from Shipwreck!, a former exhibit at the Miami Museum of Science

Institute of Nautical Archaeology
To learn more about excavations around the world.
Texas A&M University

DeepArch
To learn more about DeepArch excavations in deep water.
MIT Deep Water Archaeology Research Group, DeepArch

A Matter of Convenience
All that's an artifact is not gold. So what's a chamber pot?
By Christine A. Powell, Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M

Archaeology
More about wreck formation, surveying, measuring and excavation.
from Shipwreck!, a former exhibit at the Miami Museum of Science

Techniques for Underwater Archaeology and Maritime Preservation
Detailed information for the public.
Background Paper by the U.S. Congress, Office of Technolgy Assessment

Methods of Conserving Archaeological Material from Underwater Sites
Check out the many methods that archaeologists use to conserve artifacts from underwater archaeological sites. Originally developed as a lab manual to accompany the class, Conservation of Cultural Resources, at Texas A&M University. Content empahsizes conservation of materials from underwater archaeological sites.
Copyright 2000 by Donny L. Hamilton, Conservation Research Laboratory, Texas A&M University

Conservation of Artifacts
To learn more about conservation.
from Shipwreck!, a former exhibit at the Miami Museum of Science

Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M
Website provided by researchers at Texas A&M University
Texas A&M University.

Deep Water Archaeology Research Group
Website provided by researchers in the Deep Water Archaeology Research Group at MIT.
MIT Deep Water Archaeology Research Group, DeepArch

Maritime Archaeology
Website by researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology
Website provided by researchers for a private non-profit organization that is not an educational or research institution.
Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology

A Guide to Underwater Archaeology Resources on the Internet

American Journal of Archaeology
Website that accompanies this scientific journal. Note that articles are not restricted to marine archaeology.
Archaeological Institute of America


Tsunami Quickguide
Quick description of tsunami and link to a variety of related resources, including information about the recent Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004.
Earthguide, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Tsunamis
Explains the reasons for the killer tsunami that struck Papua New Guinea in 1998.
The Why Files, University of Wisconsin

Descriptive Model of the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsuanami
Explains the reasons for this killer tsunami. Includes animations showing the results of model simulations.
Western Region Coastal & Marine Geology, U.S. Geological Survey

West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
"The West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center objectives are to rapidly locate and size major earthquakes in the Pacific basin, determine their tsunami potential, predict tsunami arrival times and, when possible, runup on the coast, and provide timely and effective tsunami information and warning bulletins for the Pacific coastal populations of California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska."
National Weather Service, NOAA

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
"Established in 1949, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Ewa Beach, Hawai`i, provides warnings for teletsunamis to most countries in the Pacific Basin as well as to Hawai`i and all other US interests in the Pacific outside of Alaska and the US West Coast. Those areas are served by the West Coast / Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WC/ATWC) in Palmer, Alaska. PTWC is also the warning center for Hawai`i's local and regional tsunamis."
National Weather Service, NOAA

This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics
Online reference about plate tectonics.
By Kious and Tilling, U.S. Geological Survey

Hang Ten
"A new USC study shows that tsunamis - triggered by earthquakes and underwater slides - could threaten Southern California’s coast."
By Bob Calverley, USC News

Tsunami FAQ
About the risk of tsunami, including the Albemarle-Currituck slide mapped by geologist Neal Driscoll.
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences

Potential for Large-scale Submarine Slope Failure and Tsunami Generation along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Coast
Sample of published scientific article.
Neal Driscoll, Jeffrey Weissel, and John Goff, 2000 in The Geological Society of America Online Journals

Powerpoint presentation: Slope Stability
Example of slides use in presentations given by geologist Neal Driscoll.
Neal Driscoll, Scripps Institution of Oceanogrpahy

Tsunami Quickguide
Quick description of tsunami and link to a variety of related resources, including information about the recent Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004.
Earthguide, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

California Tsunami Models and Animations
What might happen if there were underwater landslides and/or earthquake offshore California? See the model results.
USC Tsunami Research Group

Waves of Destruction: Tsunami
About tsunami.
Savage Earth, PBS Online

Tsunamis
Explains the reasons for the killer tsunami that struck Papua New Guinea in 1998.
The Why Files, University of Wisconsin

Descriptive Model of the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsuanami
Explains the reasons for this killer tsunami. Includes animations showing the results of model simulations.
Western Region Coastal & Marine Geology, U.S. Geological Survey

West Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
"The West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center objectives are to rapidly locate and size major earthquakes in the Pacific basin, determine their tsunami potential, predict tsunami arrival times and, when possible, runup on the coast, and provide timely and effective tsunami information and warning bulletins for the Pacific coastal populations of California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska."
National Weather Service, NOAA

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
"Established in 1949, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Ewa Beach, Hawai`i, provides warnings for teletsunamis to most countries in the Pacific Basin as well as to Hawai`i and all other US interests in the Pacific outside of Alaska and the US West Coast. Those areas are served by the West Coast / Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (WC/ATWC) in Palmer, Alaska. PTWC is also the warning center for Hawai`i's local and regional tsunamis."
National Weather Service, NOAA

USC Tsunami Research Group
"A new USC study shows that tsunamis - triggered by earthquakes and underwater slides - could threaten Southern California’s coast."
By Bob Calverley, USC News

Tectonic Plates
U. S. Geological Survey

Southern California Earthquake Center
About earthquakes in southern California.
SCEC

Recent Earthquake Activity in the USA
Recent earthquakes reports aroud the U.S.
SCEC

Broadband Seismic Data Collection Center
Recent earthquakes in southern California.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography

This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics
Online reference about plate tectonics.
By Kious and Tilling, U.S. Geological Survey

Methane Gas Hydrates
Methane hydrate basics and information about U.S. deposits.
Minerals Managements Service and U.S. Geological Survey

Flammable Ice
Article from Scientific American. Fee to download article or free to digital subscribers.
Suess, Bohrmann, Gerinert and Lausch, November 1999
in Scientific American

California Tidepools
All about tidepools with great photos.
Genevieve (Genny) Anderson, Biological Sciences Department, Santa Barbara City College

Printable Field Guides and More
Information about tide pool organisms and more.
Ocean Institute

Southern California's Rocky Shorelines Provide a Habitat for Curiosity
Places around southern California where you can visit a tidepool.
fromWestways, Automobile Club of Southern California

Tide and Water Levels
Learn more about tides. Here "you will find three sections devoted to learning about tides and water levels: an online tutorial, an educational roadmap to resources, and formal lesson plans."
National Ocean Service, NOAA

Tide Predictions at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier
Looking to see when it might be a good time to visit local tide pools? Look at a tide chart to pick the best time and date.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library

Water Level Tidal Predictions
Looking for tide tables for other areas around the U.S.?
National Ocean Service, NOAA

State's Tide Pools in Trouble
Make sure to be very careful when you visit the tidepools so that you don't love them to death! Also, remember that collecting is prohibited in many areas and may require a state fishing license.
by Tom Knudson and Nancy Vogel; sacBee, the Online Version of the Sacramento Bee

Bat Star (Asterina miniata)
Ocean Institute

Knobby Sea Star (Pisaster giganteus)
Ocean Institute

Plants-In-Motion
Other uses of time-lapse photography. See time-lapse movies of plants.
Roger P. Hangarter, Indiana University

Nature: The Octopus Show
Learn more about the activities of the wily octopus. Why is his neighbor the crab missing the next day?
KPBS

Time-Lapse Movies of Crab Nebula
Other uses of time-lapse photography. See time-lapse movies of outer space.
Chandra X-ray Observatory

Santa Catalina Mountain Cloud Project
Other uses of time-lapse photography. See time-lapse movies of outer space.
Partnership for Research in Spatial Modeling, Arizona State University

DeepArch
About how the "MIT Deep Water Archaeology Research Group, DeepArch, is developing methodology for archaeological investigations in the deepest parts of the world's oceans (to 6,000m deep) using advanced sensors, robotics, and submersibles." MIT Deep Water Archaeology Research Group, DeepArch

The Port Royal Project
Can you identify shallow water mapping and surveying techniques used at Port Royal?
Donny L. Hamilton, Nautical Archaeology Program, Texas A&M University.

Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M
"A starting point for information on nautical archaeology activities at Texas A&M University."
Texas A&M

Institute of Nautical Archaeology
Texas A&M

The Library of Congress

Imaging the sea floor
Side-scan Sonar
U. S. Geological Survey

Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets - Online version
Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets - PDF version
History of the discovery of sonar and multibeam.
Beyond Discovery - National Academy of Sciences

Remotely Operated Vehicles
Not all remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) can go underwater. Learn more about submersible ROVs.
NOAA Ocean Explorer

Sound-based (acoustic) imaging techniques
Mapping Techniques: Acoustics
Summary of major techniques, including sonar, multibeam, side-scan sonar, and sub-bottom profiling.
NOAA Coastal Services Center

Side-Scan Sonar Images
fromVoyage to Puna Ridge

Side-Scan and Multibeam Sonar
Office of Coast Survey, NOAA

Mapping
Ocean Explorer: Technology, NOAA
Sonar (Echo-sounding)
Sonar
Ocean Explorer: Technology, NOAA

Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets
About the historical development of sonar-based techniques in studying the ocean.
National Academy of Sciences


Henry Morgan, 1635 - 1688
Perhaps the most famous resident of Jamaica was Henry Morgan. Who was the real Henry Morgan? Swashbuckling pirate, military strategist, or Governor? A biography.
Data Wales

Ed Ricketts and the 'Dream' of Cannery Row
A little about the life of marine biologist Ed Ricketts. Ricketts is perhaps best known for his book Between Pacific Tides about intertidal life. It had been updated many times by others, but the book is still a very useful reference.
National Public Radio

First Image of Historic Shipwrecks Released on 100th Anniversary of Palmer-Crary Loss, December 16, 2002
Side-scan sonar images of the wreck.
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA

Stellwagen Bank Sanctuary Releases New Shipwreck Images on 104th Anniversary of Portland Loss, November 26, 2002
Side-scan sonar images of the wreck.
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA

American Memory
"American Memory provides free and open access through the Internet to written and spoken words, sound recordings, still and moving images, prints, maps, and sheet music that document the American experience. It is a digital record of American history and creativity. These materials, from the collections of the Library of Congress and other institutions, chronicle historical events, people, places, and ideas that continue to shape America, serving the public as a resource for education and lifelong learning."
The Library of Congress

World Fact Book 2004
Basic information and maps of all of the countries of the world.
CIA

Visible Earth
To find more satellite images of the world.
NASA

NGDC Coastal Relief Model Vol. 06 Shaded Relief Images
Maps of the sea floor off southern California.
National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA

Surface of the Earth, 2 Minute Color Relief Images
Maps of the global sea floor.
National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA

Bathymetry of the Los Angeles Margin
Perspective image of U.S.G.S. map data.
Visible Earth, NASA

Multibeam Mapping of the Los Angeles, California Margin
Images that show the shape of the seafloor offshore Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.
U.S. Geological Survey

Pacific Sea-Floor Mapping Images
Images of the seafloor from many locations on the Pacific Coast including Lake Tahoe and Crater Lake.
Western Regional Coastal & Marine GeologyU.S. Geological Survey Bathymetry of the Los Angeles Margin
Perspective image of U.S.G.S. map data.
Visible Earth, NASA

Multibeam Mapping of the Los Angeles, California Margin
Images that show the shape of the seafloor offshore Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.
U.S. Geological Survey

Pacific Sea-Floor Mapping Images
Images of the seafloor from many locations on the Pacific Coast including Lake Tahoe and Crater Lake.
Western Regional Coastal & Marine GeologyU.S. Geological Survey

Whales and Walrus: Tillers of the Seafloor
Side-scan images reveal feeding pits scoured by gray whales and walruses.
Hans Nelson, Marine and Coastal Geology Program, U.S. Geological Survey

Glossary - Pirates
How to translate the pirate language. Arrrgh....
The Pirate's Hold

Glossary - Archaeology Adventure
ThinkQuest; Oracle Education Foundation

Frequently Asked Questions About 2004 Sport Fishing Licenses
More information if you want to collect - "Any person who is 16 years of age or older must possess a sport fishing license when taking any fish, shellfish, reptile, or amphibian in California. (Fish and Game Code, Section 7145)."
California Department of Fish and Game

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infrared radiation (IR) is just one kind of radiation in a whole spectrum of types. IR, visible light. microwaves and more are all types of electromagnetic radiation. Unlike earthquake or sound waves, electromagnetic radiation moves at the speed of light and can move across the near-emptiness of outer space.
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA

Electromagnetic Spectrum
Infrared radiation (IR) is just one kind of radiation in a whole spectrum of types. IR, visible light. microwaves and more are all types of electromagnetic radiation. Unlike earthquake or sound waves, electromagnetic radiation moves at the speed of light and can move across the near-emptiness of outer space.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Night Vision
How do night vision goggles work?
U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command

Animation: Infrared Satellite Images
Call up your own animation of the latest infrared satellite image of the western U.S. Infrared images of the Earth provide information about clouds, even at night.
San Francisco State University

Online quadrat count
Many times, there are too many individuals to count one-by-one. In addition to keeping track of location, the grid of a quadrat also helps to estimate numbers of individuals when the population is large, without counting each individual. Try your hand at fast-counting.
Earthguide for Sea Floor Science

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